{"id":116638,"date":"2025-09-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/?post_type=ftm_article&#038;p=116638"},"modified":"2025-09-10T14:18:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T18:18:53","slug":"ai-doomerism","status":"publish","type":"ftm_article","link":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-doomerism","title":{"rendered":"AI doomerism isn&#8217;t new. Meet the original alarmist: Norbert Wiener"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Long before Geoffrey Hinton and Eliezer Yudkowsky sounded warnings about artificial intelligence, there was Dr. Norbert Wiener in the 1950s and \u201860s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1255\" height=\"783\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;w=1255\" alt=\"Newspaper clipping titled &quot;Machines That Think Held Evil&quot; with highlighted text warning about the dangers of advanced machines and a photo of Dr. Wiener.\" class=\"wp-image-116643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg 1255w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=768,479 768w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=320,200 320w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=600,374 600w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=1000,624 1000w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=330,206 330w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=540,337 540w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=850,530 850w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=175,109 175w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=275,172 275w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=400,250 400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=360,225 360w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-1.jpg?resize=500,312 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1255px) 100vw, 1255px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Wiener was a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence or, as he called it, cybernetics. His groundbreaking work laid the foundations that our current AI boom is built atop of, and his concerns about AI have no doubt influenced those being voiced by his successors in the field today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2024\" height=\"1116\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?quality=75&amp;w=2024\" alt=\"A book excerpt discusses automation's moral and technical impacts, highlighting skepticism about machine dangers and referencing Samuel Butler's early predictions.\" class=\"wp-image-116642\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg 2024w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=768,423 768w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=1536,847 1536w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=320,176 320w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=600,331 600w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=1000,551 1000w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=1400,772 1400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=330,182 330w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=540,298 540w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=850,469 850w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=1800,992 1800w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=175,96 175w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=275,152 275w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=400,221 400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=360,198 360w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ai-doomer-2.jpg?resize=500,276 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2024px) 100vw, 2024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In late 1959, Wiener gave a speech to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In early 1960, it would be adapted and published as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.umd.edu\/users\/gasarch\/BLOGPAPERS\/moral.pdf\">paper<\/a> titled \u201cSome Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation.\u201d The speech began by citing the <a href=\"https:\/\/newsletter.pessimistsarchive.org\/p\/a-warning-about-ai-from-1863\">predictions<\/a> of Samuel Butler in the 1860s, which foretold machines would eventually out-evolve and rule over man, noting they had not come to pass.&nbsp;However, he said it was <em>different this time<\/em> since machines had become so much more advanced at such a rapid pace. <\/p>\n\n\n<p><center><iframe src=\"https:\/\/newsletter.pessimistsarchive.org\/embed\" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" style=\"border:1px solid #EEE; background:white;\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Wiener observed that, generally, people wished slaves to be intelligent and subservient. However, \u201ccomplete subservience and complete intelligence do not go together.\u201d He\u2019d posit that, like the philosopher slaves of Ancient Greece, machines would eventually outwit their masters: \u201cIf the machines become more and more efficient and operate at a higher and higher psychological level, the catastrophe foreseen by Butler of the dominance of the machine comes nearer and nearer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These scary predictions, from a pioneer in the field, were taken seriously and generated headlines, much like more recent concerns from AI experts have. Coverage of Wiener\u2018s warnings referred to him as a new, better-educated Samuel Butler. While Butler was a writer and cultural critic, Wiener was an <em>expert <\/em>and <em>pioneer<\/em> in computer science, so who were we \u2014 or anyone else \u2014 to question his well-informed prognostications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1108\" height=\"1263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?quality=75&amp;w=1108\" alt=\"Three overlapping black-and-white newspaper clippings discuss automation, scientific concerns, and technology\u2019s potential dangers, including headlines about automation and national defense.\" class=\"wp-image-116641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg 1108w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=768,875 768w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=320,365 320w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=600,684 600w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=1000,1140 1000w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=330,376 330w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=540,616 540w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=850,969 850w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=175,199 175w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=275,313 275w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=400,456 400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=360,410 360w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-3.jpg?resize=500,570 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Larger players in the industry, such as IBM expert Arthur L. Samuel, would push back on this rhetoric, making Wiener appear like a conscientious Goliath versus a corporate David. Samuel\u2019s retort to Wiener: &#8220;A machine is not a genie. It does not work by magic. It does not possess a will, and, Wiener, to the contrary, nothing comes out which has not been put in.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1361\" height=\"1783\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?quality=75&amp;w=1361\" alt=\"A 1960 newspaper page with an article titled &quot;IBM Experts Say Electronic Brains Offer No Threat To Taking Over Man's World,&quot; featuring text, ads, and a &quot;FORT FUN&quot; play structure photo.\" class=\"wp-image-116640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg 1361w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=768,1006 768w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=1172,1536 1172w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=320,419 320w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=600,786 600w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=1000,1310 1000w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=330,432 330w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=540,707 540w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=850,1114 850w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=175,229 175w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=275,360 275w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=400,524 400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=360,472 360w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-4.jpg?resize=500,655 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1361px) 100vw, 1361px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This wasn\u2019t the first time Wiener had voiced concerns about thinking machines. A decade prior, his book \u201cCybernetics\u201d (1948) would voice a number of dystopian predictions about AI. A year after its publication, in 1949, the editor of The New York Times <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/21\/science\/mit-scholars-1949-essay-on-machine-age-is-found.html\">asked<\/a> Wiener to write an op-ed about \u201cwhat the ultimate machine age is likely to be\u201d exploring some of the key topics in the book. The first draft was rejected by the editor, who requested another draft, which was thankfully archived (unlike the first):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"885\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?quality=75&amp;w=1024\" alt=\"Typewritten text discusses misuse of power, referencing &quot;The Monkey's Paw,&quot; where a father's wish leads to his son's death, and warns about consequences of using machines unwisely. Handwritten notes appear at the top.\" class=\"wp-image-116639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=768,664 768w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=320,277 320w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=600,519 600w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=1000,864 1000w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=330,285 330w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=540,467 540w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=850,735 850w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=175,151 175w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=275,238 275w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=400,346 400w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=360,311 360w, https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-doomer-5.jpg?resize=500,432 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><div class=\"img-caption\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections via the New York Times<\/figcaption><div class=\"img-caption__description\">An excerpt from the essay \u201cThe Machine Age\u201d by Norbert Wiener\n<\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the second draft, Wiener would cite old fables, such as genies in bottles, that he said contained a powerful lesson: If we have the power to realize our wishes, \u201cwe are more likely to use it wrongly than to use it rightly, more likely to use it stupidly than to use it intelligently.\u201d His prediction, one familiar in the current dialog around AI: \u201cThe machines will do what we ask them to do and not what we ought to ask them to do.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wiener also predicted mass unemployment and an \u201cindustrial revolution of unmitigated cruelty\u201d by making \u201cpossible the factory substantially without employees\u201d \u2014 factories that could bankrupt their owners by taking orders too literally. He voiced similar concerns about autonomous weapons, too, which he said, &#8220;may produce a policy which will win a nominal victory on points at the cost of every interest we have at heart, even of national survival.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His final line and parting message: \u201cWe can be humble and live a good life with the aid of the machines, or we can be arrogant and die.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Three-quarters of a century on, the concerns and debates remain the same. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The editor of The New York Times would reject the second draft, too, requesting a copy of the first draft so the best of both could be combined into one piece. Wiener would decline the request, citing it would require an impractical amount of coordination, something unavoidable in a pre-internet age. If only they\u2019d had the internet, Google Docs, and, even better, a large language model to help combine the first and second drafts, as we do 74 years later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three-quarters of a century on, the concerns and debates remain the same. While some experts like Yann LeCun push back and are labelled corporate stooges, others make wild prognostications, ones the press treat seriously. They are, in turn, heralded as new Samuel Butlers, as Norbert Wiener was. Wiener\u2019s prophecies didn\u2019t come true, like Samuel Butler\u2019s before him, but this time \u2014 like last time \u2014 it is different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newsletter.pessimistsarchive.org\/p\/the-original-ai-doomer-dr-norbert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article<\/a>\u00a0was originally published on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newsletter.pessimistsarchive.org\/\">Pessimists Archive<\/a>. It is reprinted with permission of the author.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>We\u2019d love to hear from you! If you have a comment about this article or if you have a tip for a future Freethink story, please email us at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:tips@freethink.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tips@freethink.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Decades before Geoffrey Hinton and Eliezer Yudkowsky raised alarms, the computer scientist warned AI could steal jobs and outsmart humans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":116644,"template":"","ftm_taxonomy_fields":[46,98,2202],"ftm_taxonomy_challenges":[],"ftm_taxonomy_statuses":[36],"ftm_taxonomy_hidden_tags":[2198],"class_list":["post-116638","ftm_article","type-ftm_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","ftm_taxonomy_fields-ai","ftm_taxonomy_fields-history","ftm_taxonomy_fields-opinion","ftm_taxonomy_statuses-featured"],"acf":[],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AI doomerism isn&#039;t new. 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Meet the original alarmist: Norbert Wiener","og_description":"Decades before Geoffrey Hinton and Eliezer Yudkowsky raised alarms, the computer scientist warned AI could steal jobs and outsmart humans.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-doomerism","og_site_name":"Freethink","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AI-Doomer-thumb.jpg?resize=1200,630","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_description":"He warned that AI could lead to humanity's destruction decades before Geoffrey Hinton and Eliezer Yudkowsky began sounding the alarm.","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-doomerism#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-doomerism"},"author":{"name":"kristinhouser","@id":"https:\/\/www.freethink.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e45bf79276f6c14454ee4e1dfa7aca8c"},"headline":"AI doomerism isn&#8217;t new. 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